Hydraulic gate



Dec. 16, 1952 F. JERMAR HYDRAULIC GATE Filed Sept; 29. 1949 Patented Dec. 16, 1952 UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE Application September 29, 1949, Serial No. 118,677 In Czechoslovakia May 1'7, 1949 10 Claims.

It is an object of the present invention to provide weirs, barriers or gates of the kind, where the whole masonry of the hydraulic structure may be substantially simplified.

Another object of the invention is to achieve a more convenient control of the height of the water level.

A still further object is to enable an easy access to the parts, which take part in the regulating process.

Another object of the invention is to achieve a substantially uniform transmission of the pressure of water upon the masonry of the hydraulic structure.

Further objects and advantages of my invention will be apparent from the following specification in conjunction with the accompanying drawing showing in Fig. l a cross section through a weir gate and in Fig. 2 a cross section through a pillar of the weir 01 through the masonry on the bank of a river,

In Figs. 3 and 4 similar views of another embodiment of the invention.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 the weir is provided with a gate I rotatably mounted upon the axis 3 supported by the masonry of the structure. The axis extends into the masonry on the bank of the river or into the pillar I2, bearing at this place a blade 2 with an extension 4 of the shape of a segment of a cylinder, with the axis coincident with the axis of rotation of the gate I. The blade is furthermore provided with a weight 5, which tends to turn the gate and blade into the closing position. Two chambers are provided in the pillar I2, an upper chamber I9 for letting in water and a lower chamber I, into which the blade 2 engages. The chamber I has an outlet channel It, which in the case, the water level of the upper pool should be maintained constantly at a certain level, is permanently open. An abutment I3 bearing against the cylindrical extension 4 closes this chamber against the upper pool. An overflow tube 9, open to the upper pool, the outlet of which is at the level of the upper pool, terminates in the upper chamber 89. The shaft 20 concentrates the overflown water into the lower chamber 1.

Under normal conditions as shown in Figs. 1 v

and 2 in full lines the water pressure from the upper pool upon the gate I tends to turn the gate in a clockwise direction. The opposite turning moment due to the water pressure upon the blade 2 and due to the weight are compensating the first turning moment and are holding the gate I in the upright position.

If the water level in the upper pool rises, the water starts simultaneously to overflow the tube 9 and enters the chamber I, to be led away by the channel It] into the lower pool. If the channel I!) is unable to take over all overflown water, the chamber I starts to fill and exerts a pressure from the back upon the blade 2, tending to compensate the turning moment due to the water pressure upon the front of the blade 2. If the pressure in the chamber I rises to a certain level, the clockwise turning moment predominates and the gate I and blade 2 are taking some intermediate position until the equilibrium of the turning moments is again restored. The water flows over the top of the gate I. Under extreme conditions the gate I, blade 2 and accessories are taking the position I, 2', l, 5' shown in Figs. 1 and 2 by broken lines. If the water is receding, the chamber I starts to empty through the channel Iii, the turning moment due to water pressure upon the front of the blade 2 predominates again and the whole body is turning back into the closing position.

In a similar way the height of the waterlevel of the upper pool may be controlled at will by opening or closing the channels 9 and I0 by means of valves not shown on the drawing.

As the width of the blade 2 is limited by the dimensions of the pillar or the masonry on the bank, its length must be properly chosen or a corresponding counterweight 5 must be used.

When the height of the gate I should be higher, the dimensions of the blade 2 would be forbidding for barrages of greater span. The arrangement according to Figs. 3 and 4 enables to use a similar construction even in such cases.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 4 the gate I is extended downwards forming thus a lower gate II with a shield plate IV of the shape of a sector of a cylinder, with the axis coincident with the axis of rotation of the gate I, joined to the lower end of the gate II. The shield plate IV is extendd upwards until it joins the upper gate I and rests upon rollers III supported by the masonry of the hydraulic structure, so that they transmit the water pressure of the upper pool on the gates upon the masonry. A counterweight V tends again to turn the gates into the closing position. It is advantageous to design the dimensions of the gates I and II so that the moment tending to turn the gates into the opened position somewhat prevails. Then the blade 2 within the pillar I2 has just to overcome smaller turning moments and may be designed comparatively moments due to the water pressure upon the lower gate II and that of the counterweight V acting additionally to turn the gate into the closing position. Due to the above arrangement the pillars and the masonry on the bank take over only a comparatively small part of the water pressure, so that the conditions are rather more advantageous from point of view of designing. As the main control is achieved due to the action of the blades 2 located in the pillars, a much more convenient control and supervision is enabled. At the same time the stress is substantially uniformly taken over by the whole structure so that there are no parts, which require special reinforcements.

It is to be noted that the term masonry applies equally to a concrete structure or any other structure, used commonly for building dams, locks, barriers, weirs or gates.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner, the same is to be performed, I declare, that what I claim is:

1. A hydraulic apparatus comprising, in combination, support means mounted in a body of flowing liquid, said support means having a top located beneath the surface of the flowing liquid; an elongated substantially horizontal shaft pivotally mounted on said top of said support means and extending in a direction transverse to the liquid flow; gate means fixedly connected to said shaft and extending above the same so that one side of said gate means faces in the upstream direction and is pressed upon by the flowing liquid which tends to turn said gate means and shaft connected thereto, said gate means having an upper edge; a first chamber spaced from said gate means, said chamber being open on the upstream side thereof and having an upper upstream edge located along said shaft and a lower upstream edge spaced from said upper upstream edge; a plate member fixedly connected to said shaft and being located over said open side of said first chamber, said plate member extending from said shaft to said lower upstream edge of said chamber and having an arcuate extension connected to the lower edge thereof and'extending into said chamber, said arcuate extension having the axis of said shaft as its center of curvature; counterweight means fixedly connected to the downstream side of said plate member; a second chamber located over said first chamber and extending above the level of the flowing liquid, said second chamber communicating with said first chamber; first duct means communicating at one end with the interior of said first chamber and communicating at its other end with the downstream side of said support means; and second duct means having one end thereof located on the upstream side of said second chamher and having the other end thereof located in said second chamber and at the level of the surface of the flowing liquid, whereby, when the 4 level of the flowing liquid rises, the liquid will overflow said other end of said second duct means and. pass from said second chamber to said first chamber so as to flow through said first duct means to the downstream side of said support means, and whereby, when the level of the flowing liquid rises to a predetermined extent, said first duct means will not carry away liquid from said first chamber as rapidly as it is supplied thereto so that the liquid will rise in said first chamber and press against the downstream side of said plate member so as to counterbalance the liquid pres-sing against the upstream side of said plate member and thereby reduce the balancing of said gate means by said plate member so that said gate means will be turned with said shaft by the flowing liquid so as to lower said upper edge of said gate means and permit more liquid to flow thereover, said arcuate extension connected to said plate member preventing liquid from flowing into said first chamber through said open side thereof during movement of said plate member.

2. A hydraulic apparatus comprising, in combination, support means mounted in a body of flowing liquid, said support means having a top located beneath the surface of the flowing liquid; an elongated substantially horizontal shaft pivotally mounted on said top of said support means and extending in a direction transverse to the liquid flow; gate means fixedly connected to said shaft and extending above the same so that one side of said gate means faces in the upstream direction and is pressed upon by the flowing liquid which tends to turn said gate means and shaft connected thereto, said gate means having an upper edge; a first chamber spaced from said gate means, said chamber being open on the upstream side thereof and having an upper upstream edge located along said shaft and a lower upstream edge spaced from said upper upstream edge; a plate member fixedly connected to said shaft and being located over said open side of said first chamber, said plate member extending from said shaft to said lower upstream edge of said chamber and having an arcuate extension connected to the lower edge thereof and extending into said chamber, said arcuate extension having the axis of said shaft as its center of curvature; counterweight means fixedly connected to the downstream side of said plate member; a second chamber located over said first chamber and extending above the level of the flowing liquid, said second chamber communicating with said first chamber; first duct means communicating at one end with the interior of said first chamber and communicating at its other end with the downstream side of said support means; second duct means having one end thereof located on the upstream side of said second cham bar and having the other end thereof located in said second chamber and at the level of the surface of the flowing liquid; and third duct means communicating at one end thereof with said other end of said second duct means and communicating at the other end thereof with said first chamber, whereby, when the level of the flowing liquid rises, the liquid will overflow said other end of said second duct means and pass through said third duct means from said second chamber to said first chamber so as to fiow through said first duct means to the downstream side of said support means, and whereby, when the level of the flowing liquid rises to a predetermined extent, said first duct means will not carry away liquid from Said first chamber as rapidly as it is supplied thereto so that the liquid will rise in said first chamber and press against the downstream side of said plate member so as to counterbalance the liquid pressing against the upstream side of said plate member and thereby reduce the balancing of said gate means by said plate memher so that said gate means will be turned with said shaft by the flowing liquid so as to lower said upper edge of said gate means and permit more liquid to flow thereover, said arcuate extension connected to said plate member preventing liquid from flowing into said first chamber through said open side thereof during movement of said plate member.

3. A hydraulic apparatus comprising, in com bination, support means mounted in a body of flowing liquid, said support means having a top located beneath the surface of the flowing liquid; an elongated substantially horizontal shaft pivotally mounted on said top of said support means and extending in a direction transverse to the liquid flow; gate means fixedly connected to said shaft and having a first portion extending above the same and having a second portion extending below the same and being smaller than said first portion so that one side of said gate means faces in the upstream direction and is pressed upon by the flowing liquid which tends to turn said gate means and shaft connected thereto, said gate means having an upper edge; a first chamber spaced from said gate means, said chamber being open on the upstream side thereof and having an upper upstream edge located along said shaft and a lower upstream edge spaced from said upper upstream edge; a plate member fixedly connected to said shaft and being located over said open side of said first chamber, said plate mem er extending from said shaft to said lower upstream edge of said chamber and having an arcuate extension connected to the lower edge thereof and extending into said chamber, said arcuate extension having the axis of said shaft as its center of curvature; counterweight means fixedly connected to the downstream Side of said plate member; a second chamber located over said first chamber and extending above the level of the flowing liquid, said second chamber communicating with said first chamber; first duct means communicating at one end with the interior of said first chamber and communicating at its other end with the downstream side of said support means; second duct means having one end thereof located on the upstream side of said second chamber and having the other end thereof located in said second chamber and at the level of the surface of the flowing liquid; and third duct means communicating at one end thereof with said other end of said second duct means and communicating at the other end thereof with said first chamber, whereby, when the level of the flowing liquid rises, the liquid will overflow said other end of said second duct means and pass through said third duct means from aid second chamber to said first chamber so as to flow through said first duct means to the downstream side of said support means, and whereby, when the level of the flowing liquid rises to a predetermined extent, said first duot means will not carry away liquid from said first chamber as rapidly as it is supplied thereto so that the liquid will rise in said first chamber and pressagainst the downstream side of said plate member so as to counterbalance the liquid pressing against the upstream side of said plate member and thereby reduce the balancing of said gate means by said plate memher so that said gate means will be turned with said shaft by the flowing liquid so as to lower said upper edge of said gate means and permit more liquid to flow thereover, said arcuate extension connected to said plate member preventing liquid from flowing into said first chamber through said open side thereof during movement of said plate member and said portion of said gate means extending below said shaft serving to reduce the size of said plate member required to balance said gate means.

4. A hydraulic apparatus comprising, in combination, support means mounted in a body of flowing liquid, said support means having a top located beneath the surface of the flowing liquid; an elongated substantially horizontal shaft pivotally mounted on said top of said support means and extending in a direction transverse to the liquid flow; gate means fixedly connected to said shaft and extending above the same so that one side of said gate means faces in the upstream direction and is pressed upon by the flowing liquid which tends to turn said gate means and shaft connected thereto; balancing means fixedly connected to said shaft and being spaced from said gate means for balancing the thrust of the liquid against said gate means so as to maintain said gate means in a substantially upright position in the flowing liquid; and means operatively connected to said balancing means for reducing the balancing force of the same so as to permit the flowing liquid to turn said gate means so as to lower an upper edge of the same when the level of the flowing liquid rises to a predetermined extent.

5. A hydraulic apparatus comprising, in combination, support means mounted in a body of flowing liquid, said support means having a top located beneath the surface of the flowing liquid; an elongated substantially horizontal shaft pivotally mounted on said top of said support means and extending in a direction transverse to the liquid flow; gate means fixedly connected to said shaft and extending above the same so that-one side of said gate means faces in the upstream direction and is pressed upon by the flowing liquid which tends to turn said gate means and shaft connected thereto; and a plate member fixedly connected to said shaft and spaced from said gate means, said plate member extending downwardly from said shaft and being in contact with the liquid on the upstream side thereof so as to balance the tendency of said flowing liquid to turn said gate means in order to maintain said gate means in a substantially upright position in the flowing liquid.

6. A hydraulic apparatus comprising, in combination, support means mounted in a body of flowing liquid, said support means having a top located beneath the surface of the flowing liquid; an elongated substantially horizontal shaft pivotally mounted on said top of said support means and extending in a direction transverse to the liquid flow; gate means fixedly connected to said shaft and extending above the same so that one side of said gate means faces in the upstream'direction andis pressed upon by the flowing liquid which tends to turn said gate means and shaft connected thereto; a plate member fixedly connected to said shaft and spaced from said gate means, said plate member extending downwardly from said shaft and being in contact with the liquid on the upstream side thereof so as to ba1- ance the tendency of said flowing liquid to turn said gate means in order to maintain said gate means in a substantially upright position in the flowing liquid; liquid conducting means associated with said plate member for conducting liquid to the downstream side thereof when the surface of the flowing liquid rises to a predetermined extent so as to thereby counterbalance the force of the liquid bearing against the upstream side of said plate member and permit the flowing liquid to turn said gate means so as to lower an upper edge thereof.

7. A hydraulic apparatus comprising, in combination, support means mounted in a body of flowing liquid, said support means having a top located beneath the surface of the flowing liquid; an elongated substantially horizontal shaft pivotally mounted on said top of said support means and extending in a direction transverse to the liquid flow; gate means fixedly connected to said shaft and extending above the same so that one side of said gate means faces in the upstream direction and is pressed upon by the flowing liquid which tends to turn said gate means and shaft connected thereto; a plate member fixedly connected to said shaft and spaced from said gate means, said plate member extending downwardly from said shaft and being in contact with the liquid on the upstream side thereof so as to balance the tendency of said flowing liquid to turn said gate means in order to maintain said gate means in a substantially upright position in the flowing liquid; liquid conducting means associated with said plate member for conducting liquid to the downstream side thereof when the surface of the flowing liquid rises to a predetermined extent so as to thereby counterbalance the force of the liquid bearing against the upstream side of said plate member and permit the flowing liquid to turn said gate means so as to lower an upper edge thereof, said liquid conducting means comprising a duct means for carrying away liquid from the downstream of said plate member before the surface of the liquid rises to said predetermined extent.

8. A hydraulic apparatus comprising, in com bination, support means mounted in a body of flowing liquid, said support means having a top located beneath the surface of the flowing liquid; an elongated substantially horizontal shaft pivotally mounted on said top of said support means and extending in a direction transverse to the liquid flow; gate means fixedly connected to said shaft and having a first portion extending above the same and having a second portion extending below the same and being smaller than said first portion so that one side of said gate means faces in the upstream direction and is pressed upon by the flowing liquid which tends to turn said gate means and shaft connected thereto; a plate member fixedly connected to said shaft and spaced from said gate means, said plate member extending downwardly from said shaft and being in contact with the liquid on the upstream side thereof so as to balance the tendency of said flowing liquid to turn said gate means in order to maintain said gate means in a substantially upright position in the flowing liquid; liquid conducting means associated with said plate member for conducting liquid to the downstream side thereof when the surface of the flowing liquid rises to a predetermined extent so as to thereby counterbalance the force of the liquid bearing against the upstream side of said plate member and permit the flowing liquid to turn said gate means so as to lower an upper edge thereof, said liquid conducting means comprising a duct means for carrying away liquid from the downstream side of said plate member before the surface of the liquid rises to said predetermined extent, said portion of said gate means extending below said shaft serving to reduce the size of said plate member required to balance said gate means.

9. A hydraulic apparatus comprising, in combination, support means mounted in a body of flowing liquid, said support means having a top located beneath the surface of the flowing liquid; and elongated substantially horizontal shaft pivotally mounted on said top of said support means and extending in a direction transverse to the liquid flow; gate means fixedly connected to said shaft and extending above the same so that one side of said gate means faces in the upstream direction and is pressed upon by the flowing liquid which tends to turn said gate means and shaft connected thereto, said gate means having an upper edge; a first chamber spaced from said gate means, said chamber being open on the upstream side thereof and having an upper upstream edge located along said shaft and a lower upstream edge spaced from said upper upstream edge; a plate member fixedly connected to said shaft and being located over said open side of said first chamber, said plate member extending from said shaft to said lower upstream edge of said chamber and having an arcuate extension connected to the lower edge thereof and extending into said chamber, said arcuate extension having the axis of said shaft as its center of curvature; counterweight means fixedly connected to the downstream side of said plate member; a second chamber located over said first chamber and extending above the level of the flowing liquid; first duct means communicating at one end with the lower part of said first chamber and communicating at its other end with the downstream side of said support means; second duct means having a horizontally extending portion located beneath the surface of the flowing liquid and having one end of said horizontally extending portion located on the upstream side of said second chamber and having the other end of said horizontally extending portion located within said second chamber, said second duct means also having a vertically extending portion extending upwardly from said other end of said horizontally extending portion and having an upper open end located within said second chamber at the level of the surface of the flowing liquid; and third duct means of a larger diameter than said vertically extending portion of said second duct means and being located concentrically about said vertically extending portion of said second duct means, said third duct means extending from said second chamber to said first chamber whereby, when the surface of flowing liquid rises. the liquid will overflow said upper end of said vertically extending portion of said second duct means and flow into said third duct means so as to pass from said second chamber to said first chamber to flow through said first duct means to the downstream side of said support means, and whereby, when the level of the flowing liquid rises to a predetermined extent, said first duct means will not carry away liquid from said first chamber as rapidly as it is supplied thereto so that the liquid will rise in said first chamber and press against the downstream side of said plate member so as to counterbalance the liquid pressing against the upstream side of said plate member and thereby reduce the balancing of said gate means by said plate member so that said gate means will be turned with said shaft by the flowing liquid so as to lower said upper edge of said gate means and permit more liquid to flow thereover, said arcuate extension connected to said plate member preventing liquid from flowing into said first chamber through said open side thereof during movement of said plate member.

10. A hydraulic apparatus comprising, in combination, support means mounted in a body of flowing liquid, said support means having a top located beneath the surface of the flowing liquid; an elongated substantially horizontal shaft pivotally mounted on said top of said support means and extending in a direction transverse to the liquid flow; gate means fixedly connected to said shaft and having a, first portion extending above the same and having a second portion extending below the same and being smaller than said first portion so that one side of said gate means faces in the upstream direction and is pressed upon by the flowing liquid which tends to turn said gate means and shaft connected thereto, said gate means having an upper edge; a first chamber spaced from said gate means, said chamber being open on the upstream side thereof and having an upper upstream edge located along said shaft and a lower upstream edge spaced from said upper upstream edge; a plate member fixedly connected to said shaft and being located over said open side of said first chamber, said plate member extending from said shaft to said lower upstream edge of said chamber and having an arcuate extension connected to the lower edge thereof and extending into said chamber, said arcuate extension having the axis of said shaft as its center of curvature; counterweight means fixedly connected to the downstream side of said plate member; a second chamber located over said first chamber and extending above the level of the flowing liquid; first duct means communicating at one end with the lower part of said first chamber and communicating at its other end with the downstream side of said support means; second duct mean having a horizontally extending portion located beneath the surface of the flowing liquid and having one end of said horizontally extending portion located on the upstream side of said second chamber and having the other end of said horizontally extending portion located within said second chamber, said second duct means also having a vertically 10 extending portion extending upwardly from said other end of said horizontally extending portion and having an upper open end located within said second chamber at the level of the surface of the flowing liquid; and third duct means of a larger diameter than said vertically extending portion of said second duct means and being located concentrically about said vertically extending portion of said second duct means, said third duct means extending from said second chamber to said first chamber whereby, when the surface of flowing liquid rises, the liquid will overflow said upper end of said vertically extending portion of said second duct means and flow into said third duct means so as to pass from said second chamber to said first chamber to flow through said first duct means to the downstream side of said support means, and whereby, when the level of the flowing liquid rises to a predetermined extent, said first duct means will not carry away liquid from said first chamber as rapidly as it is supplied thereto so that the liquid will rise in said first chamber and press against the downstream side of said plate member so as to counterbalance the liquid pressing against the upstream side of said plate member and thereby reduce the balancing of said gate means by said plate member so that said gate means will be turned with said shaft by the flowing liquid so as to lower said upper edge of said gate means and permit more liquid to flow thereover, said arcuate extension connected to said plate member preventing liquid from flowing into said first chamber through said open side thereof during movement of said plate member and said portion of said gate means extending below said shaft serving to reduce the size of said plate member required to balance said gate means. FRANTISEK JERMAR.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS France 1922 

